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Since many people have pets that occasionally require medical attention, there is a lot of research in small-animal health. Research activities include the refinement of minimally invasive surgical techniques and investigations of infectious and vector-borne diseases. As well, veterinarians work with human oncologists to examine and diagnose cancerous tumors in pets, and use techniques developed for the treatment and removal of human cancers.
Veterinarians are investigating pet medical issues such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and antibiotic resistance, as these solutions may offer potential alternatives to human health researchers.
Researchers also conduct basic and applied investigations related to food animals. This includes reproduction, infectious diseases, zoonoses, diagnostic pathology, herd health, and food safety. For instance, increasing fertility of bulls and cows is being investigated as a means of increasing herd productivity, and may have applications for human infertility issues. Sanitary conditions on farms is also being studied as a means to discourage illness, through the establishment of management practices prior to slaughter, health risk analysis, and the epidemiology of food-borne disease.
Equine-specific research includes lameness, reproduction, and infectious diseases. Given that many horses are carefully bred, there are numerous genetic problems that can occur due to inbreeding, and investigations are ongoing to study these issues and translate them to human genetic issues.
Wildlife research is ongoing to study the health issues surrounding wild populations and their possible effects on domesticated animals or humans (zoonoses). This includes environmental health assessment in wildlife ecology; environmental monitoring; health and impact assessment; and chemical immobilization and handling of wild animals.
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